Createquity.Createquity.

Core Research Process Update

Louise Geraghty, Katie Ingersoll and Fari Nzinga — Fri, 22 Apr 2016 00:34:36 +0000

Books! by Kirrus

Our research on the history of the arts ecosystem continues with our investigation of the expanding definition of the arts and the recent history of support and recognition for artists of color. We have decided to focus this research on the period covering 1980-today, with an emphasis on trends related to equity and multiculturalism within the arts ecosystem.

Here are the resources we have reviewed last month.

Bryan, B. (2008). Diversity in Philanthropy: A Comprehensive Bibliography of Resources Related to Diversity Within the Philanthropic and Nonprofit Sectors. Foundation Center. Retrieved from http://foundationcenter.org/getstarted/topical/diversity_in_phil.pdf

Campbell, M. S. (1998). A New Mission for the NEA. TDR: The Drama Review, 42(4), 5–9.

DeVos Instititute of Arts Management. (2015). Diversity In The Arts: The Past, Present, and Future of African American and Latino Museums, Dance Companies, and Theater Companies. Retrieved from http://www.devosinstitute.umd.edu/What-We-Do/News-and-Announcements/Announcements/Announcements/Diversity%20in%20the%20Arts%20paper

Garfias, R. (1991). Cultural diversity and the arts in America. In Public money and the muse, ed. Stephen Benedict. New York: Norton.

Gordon, A., & Newfield, C. (1996). Mapping multiculturalism. Minneapolis, Minn.: University of Minnesota Press.

Haft, J. (n.d.). Article: Voices from the Battlefront: Achieving Cultural Equity Through Critical Analysis. Retrieved from https://roadside.org. October 22, 2015. https://roadside.org/asset/article-voices-battlefront-achieving-cultural-equity-through-critical-analysis

Hartmann, D., & Gerteis, J. (2005). Dealing with Diversity: Mapping Multiculturalism in Sociological Terms. Sociological Theory, 23(2), 218–240.

Jensen, R. (1995). The Culture Wars, 1965-1995: A Historian’s Map. Journal of Social History, 29, 17–37.

Jewesbury, D. D., Singh, J., & Tuck, S. (2009). Cultural Diversity: Language and Meanings. The Arts Council of Ireland. Retrieved from http://www.artscouncil.ie/uploadedFiles/Main_Site/Content/Artforms_and_Practices/Arts_Participation_pages/Cultural_Diversity_language_meanings.pdf

Koch, C. (1998). The NEA and NEH Funding Crisis. Public Talk: Online Journal of Discourse Leadership, (2). Retrieved from http://www.upenn.edu/pnc/ptkoch.html

Lowry, W. M. (1991). How many muses? Government funding for the multicultural. Journal of Arts Management & Law, 21(3), 264.

Marta Moreno Vega. (1993). Voices from the Battlefront: Achieving Cultural Equity. Trenton, N.J: Africa World Pr.

Matlon, M. P., Ingrid Van Haastrecht, & Kaitlyn Wittig Mengüç. (2014). Figuring the Plural: Needs and Supports of Canadian and US Ethnocultural Arts Organizations. Chicago, IL: Plural. Retrieved from http://www.pluralculture.org/programs-services/figuring-the-plural-book/

Moore, M. (1990). The politics of multiculture. Journal of Arts Management and Law, 20(1), 5–15.

Pankratz, D. B. (1993). Multiculturalism and public arts policy. Bergin & Garvey.

Race & Ethnicity in Independent Films: Prevalence of Underrepresented Directors and the Barriers They Face. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.arts.gov/sites/default/files/Research-Art-Works-Sundance.pdf

Sidford, H. (2011). Fusing Arts, Culture, and Social Change. National Committee for Responsive Philanthropy. Retrieved from http://www.ncrp.org/files/publications/Fusing_Arts_Culture_Social_Change.pdf

Ravitch, D. (1990). Multiculturalism: E pluribus plures. American Scholar, 59(3), 337.

Voss, Z. G., Voss, G., Louie, A., Drew, Z., & Teyolia, M. R. (n.d.). Does “Strong and Effective” Look Different for Culturally Specific Arts Organizations? Retrieved from http://www.smu.edu/~/media/Site/Meadows/NCAR/NCARWhitePaper01-12

Meanwhile, we have also focused our literature review and searching on artists’ labor markets and on entrepreneurship. Studies that we reviewed last month appear below:

Alper, Neil O. (n.d.). ARTISTS’ CAREERS AND THEIR LABOR MARKETS*. Retrieved from http://faos.ku.dk/pdf/undervisning_og_arrangementer/2010/ARTISTS__CAREERS_191010.pdf

Abbing, H. (2008). Why Are Artists Poor? : The Exceptional Economy of the Arts. Retrieved from http://www.oapen.org/search?identifier=340245

Caves, R. C. (2000). Creative Industries: Contracts between art and commerce. Retrieved from https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=imfTUHj8uVcC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=poor+students+pursue+art+careers&ots=1ETnN5opB8&sig=Ra2jkWr15h47wDmdwJjpfhBmKcY#v=onepage&q&f=false

Dimitrialdi, N. (2009, May). THE EMERGENCE OF PRACTICE: MOTIVATION AND DECISION MAKING AMONG CONTEMPORARY VISUAL ARTISTS. University of Brighton. Retrieved from http://eprints.brighton.ac.uk/12291/1/Thesis_%20Nina_Dimitriadi.pdf

Galligan, A., & Alper, N. (2000). The Career Matrix: The Pipeline for Artists in the United States. In The Public Life of Arts in America.

Jackson, M.-R. (2004). Investing in Creativity: A Study of the Support Structure for US Artists. The Journal of Arts Management, Law, and Society, 34(1), 43–58. Retrieved from https://phillyartistssummit.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/investing-in-creativity.pdf

Menger, P.-M. (1999). Artistic Labor Markets and Careers. Annual Review of Sociology Vol. 25, 25. Retrieved fromhttp://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/223516.pdf

Throsby, D., & Zednik, A. (2011). Multiple job-holding and artistic careers: some empirical evidence. Cultural Trends, 20(1), 9–24. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09548963.2011.540809

Wadhwa, V., Aggarwal, R., Holly, K., Salkever, A. (n.d.). The Anatomy of an Entrepreneur: Family Background and Motivation. Retrieved from http://www.kauffman.org/~/media/kauffman_org/research%20reports%20and%20covers/2009/07/anatomy_of_entre_071309_final.pdf

Core Research Process Update: August 2015

John Carnwath, Louise Geraghty and Fari Nzinga — Mon, 07 Sep 2015 15:26:37 +0000

“Researching.” Photo by Steve Hanna

Our latest feature article, “Part of Your World,” explored the relationship between the arts and the meta-concept of wellbeing. While much of the work for this investigation occurred earlier this year, below are some new sources that we reviewed in preparation for the article.

Arts & Wellbeing Research Update

Agenda 21 for Culture. (n.d.). Culture as a goal in post-2015. Retrieved from http://www.agenda21culture.net/index.php/documents/culture-as-a-goal-in-post-2015

Agenda 21 for Culture. (2015). Recognizing the Role of Culture to Strengthen the UN Post-2015 Development Agenda. Retrieved from http://www.culture2015goal.net/images/yootheme/culture2015/def/Indicators_ENG.pdf

All-Party Parliamentary Group on Wellbeing Economics. September 2014. “Wellbeing in Four Policy Areas.” http://b.3cdn.net/nefoundation/ccdf9782b6d8700f7c_lcm6i2ed7.pdf.

Alonso, G., & Medici, M. (2014). UNESCO Culture for Development Indicators: Methodology Manual. UNESCO. Retrieved from http://en.unesco.org/creativity/sites/creativity/files/digital-library/CDIS%20Methodology%20Manual_0.pdf

Bauer, R. (Ed.). (1966). Social Indicators. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Cobb, C & Rixford C. (1998). Lessons learned from the history of social indicators. San Francisco, CA: Redefining Progress.

Dodge, R., Daly, A. P., Huyton, J., & Sanders, L. D. (2012). The challenge of defining wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2(3), 222–235.

Easterlin, R. (1974). Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot? Some Empirical Evidence. In David, P. A. & Reder, M. W. (Eds.), Nations and Households in Economic Growth: Essays in Honor of Moses Abramovitz. New York. Retrieved from http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2008/04/16/business/Easterlin1974.pdf

Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.well-beingindex.com/

GDP: A Flawed Measure of Progress | New Economy Working Group. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.neweconomyworkinggroup.org/visions/living-wealth-indicators/gdp-flawed-measure-progress

Langlois, A., & Anderson, D. E. (2002). Resolving the Quality of Life/Well-being Puzzle: Toward a New Model. Canadian Journal of Regional Science, 25(3), 501–512.

Noll, H. (2004). Social Indicators and Quality of Life Research: Background, Achievements and Current Trends. In N. Genov (Ed.), Advances in Sociological Knowledge (pp. 151–181). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.

The Hangzhou Declaration: Placing Culture at the Heart of Sustainable Development Policies. (2013). Presented at the Hangzhou International Conference China. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/images/FinalHangzhouDeclaration20130517.pdf

The Story of GNH | GNH Centre Bhutan. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.gnhcentrebhutan.org/what-is-gnh/the-story-of-gnh/

Follow-Up Research on “Why Don’t They Come?” Update

Our research on the arts and wellbeing has led us in some interesting directions. After an initial scan and review of the literature on television, wellbeing, and the arts, we are drawing some initial conclusions about how television impacts health and subjective wellbeing. Our findings thus far include strong evidence that television is associated with poor physical and mental health outcomes, and not just because of sedentary behavior. Some researchers have suggested that the content of television that people watch and the behavior or mindsets it inspires might contribute to poor health.

The association between television and subjective wellbeing is a bit murkier. Researchers have pointed out that findings related to subjective wellbeing may seem counterintuitive because they don’t quite correlate with what you might expect to be significant drivers of wellbeing like income or health, which means that even though television might create poor health, it does not necessarily create poor subjective wellbeing. We can say with confidence that people tend to rate television relatively low compared to other activities, and that because it occupies such a significant portion of free time, television does tend to “crowd out” other, more satisfying activities. The overall effect on subjective wellbeing, however, remains somewhat unclear.

In the coming month, we plan to look more closely at our research questions related to the drivers of watching television vs. attending arts events among economically disadvantaged people. We will look at the degree to which this group is making a conscious choice to substitute television for attending arts events and will seek to better understand the lower interest in arts event attendance through market research analyses and interviews.

The articles and reports that we’ve read this month include:

Bruni, L., & Stanca, L. (2008). Watching Alone: Relational goods, television, and happiness. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 65(3-4), 506–528. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167268106002095

Cardwell, S. (2014). Television Amongst Friends: Medium, Art, Media. Critical Studies in Television: The International Journal of Television Studies, 9(3), 6–21. Retrieved from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/manup/cstv/2014/00000009/00000003/art00002

Dempsey, P., Howard, B., Lynch, B., Owen, N., & Dunstan, D. W. (2014). Associations of television viewing time with adults’ well-being and vitality. Preventative Medicine. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25230366

Guetzkow, J. (2002). How the Arts Impact Communities: An Introduction to the Literature on Arts Impact Studies (No. 20). Taking the Measure of Culture Conference: Princeton University Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies. Retrieved from https://www.princeton.edu/~artspol/workpap/WP20%20-%20Guetzkow.pdf

Kahneman, D., Krueger, A. B., Schkade, D., Schwarz, N., & Stone, A. A. (2006). Would You Be Happier if You Were Richer? A Focusing Illusion. Science, 312(5782), 1908–1910. Retrieved from http://www.sciencemag.org/content/312/5782/1908.short

Kataria, M., & Regner, T. (2011). A Note on the Relationship Between Television Viewing and Individual Happiness. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 40(1), 53–58. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053535710000892

Muennig, P., Rosen, Z., & Johnson, G. (2013). Do the Psychological Risks Associated with Television Viewing Increase Mortality? Evidence from the 2008 General Social Survey – National Death Index dataset. Annals of Epidemiology, 23(6), 355–360. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3662979/

Robinson, J. P., & Martin, S. (2008). What do Happy People Do? Social Indicators Research, 89(3), 565–571. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11205-008-9296-6

Schneider, L. (2013). A Note on Income Aspirations, Television, and Happiness. Kyklos, 66(2), 301–305. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/kykl.12022/abstract

Uslaner, E. M. (1998). Social Capital, Television, and the “Mean World”: Trust, Optimism, and Civic Participation. Political Psychology, 19(3), 441–467. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3792173

Wheeler, K. S. (2015). The relationships Between Television Viewing, Behaviors, Attachment, Loneliness, Depression, and Psychological Well-Being (Undergraduate Honors Thesis). Georgia Southern University, Georgia. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/honors-theses/98/

World Health Organization. (2012). Social Determinants of Health and Well-Being Among Young People. Retrieved from http://www.hbsc.unito.it/it/images/pdf/hbsc/prelims-part1.pdf

Meanwhile, because of our recent focus on our investigation of wellbeing and the arts, we have been mostly in the research planning phase of our investigation into the history of change in the arts ecosystem.

History of Change in the Arts Ecosystem Research Update

Having identified three areas of the arts ecosystem that have experienced major changes over the past 50 years, we’ve assigned one member of our research team to conduct the initial bibliographic research in each area. Katie will be exploring the expansion of the nonprofit arts infrastructure, Fari will investigate the broadening of the definition of “art” in the nonprofit arts establishment, and John will be looking for literature on the impact that new technologies have had on both nonprofit and for-profit forms of expression.

To get an initial sense of the literature, we’re going to search Google Scholar and JSTOR, and add literature to our Zotero library based purely on titles and abstracts. In doing so, we’re going to keep track of the search terms we’ve used, monitor the time we’ve spent on each database, and make note of general observations.

After that we’ll discuss what additional research may be necessary. This might include searching additional databases (EBSCO Host, ProQuest Dissertations and Abstracts, ProQuest News and Newspapers, discipline specific databases), searches for books (Academic Library catalogs, WorldCat, Google Books), or specific academic journals that we should review. Alternatively, we might start pulling some of the literature and checking out the works they reference in their bibliographies.

Notes to “Part of Your World”

Talia Gibas, Ian David Moss, John Carnwath, Katie Ingersoll and Fari Nzinga — Mon, 31 Aug 2015 15:21:30 +0000

The following end notes accompany our article, “Part of Your World: On the Arts and Wellbeing,” published on August 31, 2015:

[1] For his part, Sen has written a stirring defense of incorporating cultural considerations into international development policy, although his essay does not dwell on explicit connections to the capability approach.

[2] Createquity is by no means the first entity in the arts to attempt a reckoning with wellbeing or the capability approach. Starting with the Urban Institute’s Arts and Culture Indicators in Community Building Project(ACIP) in 1996, a number of scholars and arts organizations have examined the connection from various angles, though more often from the perspective of applying wellbeing concepts to arts and culture policy and practice rather than seeking to understand how arts and culture fit into wellbeing.

Encounters between the arts and the capability approach have been both more recent and rare. The two examples we know of are Samuel Jones’s 2010 monograph Culture Shock for the British think tank Demos, which draws on the capability approach to reframe public policy goals relating to culture in England; and a more quantitative application of the capability approach to the arts undertaken by Mark Stern and Susan Seifert of the University of Pennsylvania’s Social Impact of the Arts Project. Stern and Seifert used a modified version of the capability approach as defined in the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Commission as a starting point for their investigation of cultural activity and social wellbeing in Philadelphia and other cities. Their analysis reveals some interesting–if not entirely conclusive–patterns of wellbeing and cultural participation in different parts of Philadelphia. They identify areas of concentrated disadvantage in multiple categories of wellbeing which coincide with racial and socioeconomic divides, and point to an increasing correlation over time between neighborhood economic prosperity and cultural access. Nevertheless, Stern and Seifert leave some of the most exciting theoretical implications of the capability approach for the arts unexplored. Despite rhetoric to the contrary, their analysis routinely measures the relationship between cultural activity and wellbeing as if they were separate concepts. This is partly explained by Stern and Seifert’s adaptation of the wellbeing domains from the Stiglitz-Sen-Fitoussi Commission, which do not include culture explicitly. By contrast, at Createquity we feel that there is greater potential to be drawn from Martha Nussbaum’s central human capabilities for reasons discussed in the main article.

[3] In our original definition of a healthy arts ecosystem, we had been drawn to the concept of as popularized by psychologist Abraham Maslow in his famous Hierarchy of Needs to serve this purpose. Our subsequent research, however, leads us to believe that while self-actualization still enjoys currency in American popular culture (particularly in the business world), in the social sciences it is seen as an increasingly dated and culturally-specific concept. Nussbaum’s central human capabilities may eventually fall prey to similar criticisms, but overall they seem to be a clear improvement over the framework initially proposed in our healthy arts ecosystem definition and a step towards both internal clarity and interoperability with other social innovation initiatives.

FULL BIBLIOGRAPHY

Agenda 21 for Culture. (n.d.). Culture as a goal in post-2015. Retrieved from http://www.agenda21culture.net/index.php/documents/culture-as-a-goal-in-post-2015

Alkire, S. (2008). The Capability Approach to the Quality of Life. Retrieved from http://www.commission-stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/documents/capability_approach.pdf

All-Party Parliamentary Group on Wellbeing Economics. September 2014. “Wellbeing in Four Policy Areas. Retrieved from http://b.3cdn.net/nefoundation/ccdf9782b6d8700f7c_lcm6i2ed7.pdf

Arts Council England. (2014). The Value of Arts and Culture to People and Society: An Evidence Review. Retrieved from http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/media/uploads/pdf/The-value-of-arts-and-culture-to-people-and-society-An-evidence-review-TWO.pdf

Bauer, R. (Ed.). (1966). Social Indicators. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.

Canadian Index of Wellbeing. (2012). How are Canadians Really Doing? 2012 CIW Report. Waterloo, ON: Canadian Index of Wellbeing and University of Waterloo. Retrieved from https://uwaterloo.ca/canadian-index-wellbeing/sites/ca.canadian-index-wellbeing/files/uploads/files/CIW2012-HowAreCanadiansReallyDoing-23Oct2012_0.pdf

Carnwath, J. D. & Brown, A. S. (2014). Understanding the Value and Impacts of Cultural Experiences: A Literature Review. WolfBrown and Arts Council England. Retrieved from http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/media/uploads/pdf/Understanding_the_value_and_impacts_of_cultural_experiences.pdf

Chancel, L. (2014). Beyond GDP indicators: To what end? Retrieved from http://oecdinsights.org/2014/11/25/7388/

Cobb, C. & Rixford C. (1998). Lessons learned from the history of social indicators. San Francisco, CA: Redefining Progress.

Dodge, R., Daly, A. P., Huyton, J., & Sanders, L. D. (2012). The challenge of defining wellbeing. International Journal of Wellbeing, 2(3), 222–235.

Fujiwara, D. (2013). Museum’s and Happiness: The Value of Participating in Museums and the Arts. Retrieved from http://www.happymuseumproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Museums_and_happiness_DFujiwara_April2013.pdf

Fujiwara, D., Kudrna, L., & Dolan, P. (2014). Quantifying and Valuing the Wellbeing Impacts of Culture and Sport. Department for Culture, Media and Sport. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/304899/Quantifying_and_valuing_the_wellbeing_impacts_of_sport_and_culture.pdf

Fujiwara, D., Kudrna, L., & Dolan, P. (2014b). Quantifying the Social Impacts of Culture and Sport. Scotland Department of Culture, Media and Sport. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/304896/Quantifying_the_Social_Impacts_of_Culture_and_Sport.pdf

Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.well-beingindex.com/

GDP: A Flawed Measure of Progress | New Economy Working Group. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.neweconomyworkinggroup.org/visions/living-wealth-indicators/gdp-flawed-measure-progress

Hagerty, M. R., Cummins, R., Ferriss, A. L., Land, K., Michalos, A. C., Peterson, M., … Vogel, J. (2001). Quality of Life Indexes for National Policy: Review and Agenda for Research. Bulletin de Methodologie Sociologique, 71(1), 58–78. Retrieved from http://doi.org/10.1177/075910630107100104

Jackson, M.-R., & Herranz, J. (2002). Culture Counts in Communities: A Framework for Measurement (Research Report). The Urban Institute. Retrieved from http://www.urban.org/UploadedPDF/310834_culture_counts.pdf

Jackson, M.-R., Kabwasa-Green, F., & Herranz, J. (2006). Cultural Vitality in Communities: Interpretation and Indicators. The Urban Institute. Retrieved from http://www.urban.org/research/publication/cultural-vitality-communities-interpretation-and-indicators

Jones, S. (2010). Culture Shock. London: Demos. Retrieved from http://www.demos.co.uk/files/Culture_shock_-_web.pdf?1286815564

Langlois, A., & Anderson, D. E. (2002). Resolving the Quality of Life/Well-being Puzzle: Toward a New Model. Canadian Journal of Regional Science, 25(3), 501–512.

The Lottery of Life. (2012). The Economist. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/21566430-where-be-born-2013-lottery-life

The Lottery of Life Methodology. (2012). The Economist. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/21567049-how-we-calculated-life-satisfaction-lottery-life-methodology

Matarasso, F. (1997). Use or Ornament? The Social Impact of Participation in the Arts. Comedia. Retrieved from http://www.feisean.org/downloads/Use-or-Ornament.pdf

McCarthy, K., Ondaatje, E., Zakaras, L., Brooks, A., & RAND. (2004). Gifts of the Muse: Reframing the Debate About the Benefits of the Arts. RAND. Retrieved from http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/monographs/2005/RAND_MG218.pdf

Medvedeva, M., Novak-Leonard, J., Brown, A. (2011). Audience Impact Study: Literature Review. National Endowment for the Arts. Retrieved from http://arts.gov/sites/default/files/Audience-Impact-Study-Literature-Review.pdf

Michalos, A.C., Smale, B., Labonté, R., Muharjarine, N., Scott, K., Moore, K., … Hyman, I. (2011). The Canadian Index of Wellbeing. Technical Report 1.0. Waterloo, ON: Canadian Index of Wellbeing and University of Waterloo. Retrieved from http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CLT/pdf/canadianindexofwellbeingtechnicalpaper.pdf

National Endowment for the Arts. (2012). How Art Works. Retrieved from http://arts.gov/sites/default/files/How-Art-Works_0.pdf

Noll, H. (2004). Social Indicators and Quality of Life Research: Background, Achievements and Current Trends. In N. Genov (Ed.), Advances in Sociological Knowledge (pp. 151–181). Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.

OECD. (2013). How’s Life? 2013. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/how-s-life-2013_9789264201392-en

OECD. (2014). Society at a Glance 2014. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/society-at-a-glance-2014_soc_glance-2014-en

OECD Better Life Index. (n.d.). Retrieved January 24, 2015, from http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/

Prescott-Allen, R. (2001). The Wellbeing of Nations: A Country-By-Country Index of Quality of Life and the Environment (1 edition). Washington, DC: Island Press.

Scottish Government, S. A. H. (2006). Quality of Life and Well-being: Measuring the Benefits of Culture and Sport: Literature Review and Thinkpiece [Research Publications]. Retrieved from http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2006/01/13110743/0

Sen, A. (2004). How does culture matter?. In V. Rao & M. Walton (Eds.), Culture and Public Action. Stanford UP. Retrieved from http://www.studentsofferingsupport.ca/portal/OutreachProjects/PreDepReadings/A1_How%20does%20culture%20matter_.pdf

Social Progress Index – Methodology. (2014). Retrieved January 22, 2015, from http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/data/spi/methodology

Stern, M. J., & Seifert, S.C. (2013). Cultural Ecology, Neighborhood Vitality, and Social Wellbeing – A Philadelphia Project. University of Pennsylvania Social Impact of the Arts Project (SIAP). Retrieved from http://arts.gov/exploring-our-town/sites/arts.gov.exploring-our-town/files/SIAP%20CULTUREBLOCKS%20REPORT%20DEC2013%20V1.pdf

Stiglitz, J. E., Sen, A., & Fitoussi, J.P. (2009). Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress. Retrieved from http://www.stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/documents/rapport_anglais.pdf

Stone, A. & Mackie, C., eds. Subjective Well-Being: Measuring Happiness, Suffering, and Other Dimensions of Experience. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.nap.edu/catalog/18548/subjective-well-being-measuring-happiness-suffering-and-other-dimensions-of

The Story of GNH | GNH Centre Bhutan. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.gnhcentrebhutan.org/what-is-gnh/the-story-of-gnh/

Tepper, S. (2014). Artful Living: Examining the Relationship Between Artistic Practice and Subjective Wellbeing Across Three National Surveys. The Curb Center for Art, Enterprise, and Public Policy at Vanderbilt University. Retrieved from http://arts.gov/sites/default/files/Research-Art-Works-Vanderbilt.pdf

Topos Partnership for the Fine Arts Fund. (2010). The Arts Ripple Effect: A Research-Based Strategy to Build Shared Responsibility for the Arts. Retrieved from http://www.theartswave.org/docs/default-source/Research-Reports/the-arts-ripple-effect-report-january-2010.pdf?sfvrsn=0

United Nations Development Programme. (n.d.). Human Development Index (HDI). Retrieved January 23, 2015, from http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi

United Nations Development Programme. (n.d.). Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). Retrieved January 23, 2015, from http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/inequality-adjusted-human-development-index-ihdi

Ura, K., Alkire, S., Zangmo, T., Wangdi, K. (2012). A Short Guide to Gross National Happiness. (n.d.). Thimphu, Bhutan: Centre for Bhutan Studies. Retrieved January 23, 2015, from http://www.grossnationalhappiness.com/

Urban Institute. (2014). The Validating Arts & Livability Indicators (VALI) Study: Results and Recommendations. Retrieved January 23, 2015, from http://arts.gov/sites/default/files/VALI-Report.pdf

Yang, L. (2014). An Inventory of Composite Measures of Human Progress | Human Development Reports. UNDP Human Development Report Office. Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/inventory-composite-measures-human-progress

Core Research Process Update: April 2015

Createquity. — Sun, 19 Apr 2015 19:58:39 +0000

As noted in our last update, we’re working on an investigation of the relationship between arts participation and economic disadvantage. Since February, we’ve made some additional progress in the course of preparing our first feature article on this topic. We’ve reviewed five new sources and also done “deeper dives” on five of the publications that were a part of our original investigation. This brings our total bibliography on the topic to 33 sources thus far. Here are the updates:

New Sources Reviewed: Arts and Economic Disadvantage (March-April 2015)

Hill, T. (2009). Time Use, Gender and Disadvantage in Australia: Conventional Income and “Full Income” Approaches to Estimation. Economic and Labour Relations Review, 20(1), 13–33. Retrieved from http://elr.sagepub.com/content/20/1/13.abstract

Katz, J. (2015, January 6). How Nonemployed Americans Spend Their Weekdays: Men vs. Women. The New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/01/06/upshot/how-nonemployed-americans-spend-their-weekdays-men-vs-women.html?_r=0&abt=0002&abg=1

Novak-Leonard, J., & Brown, A. (2011). Beyond Attendance: A Multi-Modal Understanding of Arts Participation (Research Report No. 54). National Endowment for the Arts. Retrieved from http://arts.gov/sites/default/files/2008-SPPA-BeyondAttendance.pdf

Silber, B., & Triplett, T. (2015). A Decade of Arts Engagement: Findings from the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts, 2002–2012 (No. 58). National Endowment for the Arts. Retrieved from http://arts.gov/sites/default/files/2012-sppa-jan2015-rev.pdf

Why is Everyone So Busy? (2014, December 20). The Economist. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/christmas-specials/21636612-time-poverty-problem-partly-perception-and-partly-distribution-why

Deeper Dives: Arts and Economic Disadvantage (March-April 2015)

Goodin, R. E., Mahmud Rice, J., Bittman, M., & Saunders, P. (2005). The Time- Pressure Illusion: Discretionary Time vs. Free Time. Social Indicators Research, 73(1), 43–70. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27522213

Hamermesh, Daniel and Jungmin Lee. 2007. “Stressed out on Four Continents: Time Crunch or Yuppie Kvetch?” 89(1):374–83. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40043067

Robinson, J. P., & Godbey, G. (2005). Busyness as Usual. Social Research, 72(2), 407–426. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40971771

Robinson, J. P., & Martin, S. (2009). Changes in American Daily Life: 1965-2005. Social Indicators Research, 93(1), 47–56. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27734894

Sevilla, A., Gimenez-Nadal, J., & Gershuny, J. (2012). Leisure Inequality in the United States: 1965-2003. Demography, 49(3), 939–964. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23252678

Meanwhile, we have a Createquity Labs research project that has been ongoing since December that is taking a look at the role of the arts in quality of life/wellbeing. We are preparing another feature article to share findings from this investigation. While this Labs project, being exploratory in nature, is not seeking to test formal hypotheses, it has been guided by the following research questions:

How is quality of life defined? How is it measured?
How do the arts contribute to quality of life?
Where is the strongest overlap between core benefits of the arts and core components of quality of life?

(Note that while we started out using the “quality of life” terminology, our research soon led us to discover the literature on wellbeing which we have since incorporated into this work and adopted as the main frame.) Below are the sources we’ve reviewed thus far for the arts and wellbeing investigation:

Sources Reviewed: Arts and Wellbeing (December 2014-April 2015)

Alkire, S. (2008). The Capability Approach to the Quality of Life. Retrieved from http://www.commission-stiglitz-sen-fitoussi.fr/documents/capability_approach.pdf

Chancel, L. (2014). Beyond GDP indicators: To what end? Retrieved from http://oecdinsights.org/2014/11/25/7388/

Jones, S. (2010). Culture Shock. London: Demos. Retrieved from http://www.demos.co.uk/files/Culture_shock_-_web.pdf?1286815564

The Lottery of Life. (2012). The Economist. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/21566430-where-be-born-2013-lottery-life

The Lottery of Life Methodology. (2012). The Economist. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/news/21567049-how-we-calculated-life-satisfaction-lottery-life-methodology

Matarasso, F. (1997). Use or Ornament? The Social Impact of Participation in the Arts. Comedia. Retrieved from http://www.feisean.org/downloads/Use-or-Ornament.pdf

National Endowment for the Arts. (2012). How Art Works. Retrieved from http://arts.gov/sites/default/files/How-Art-Works_0.pdf

OECD. (2013). How’s Life? 2013. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/economics/how-s-life-2013_9789264201392-en

OECD. (2014). Society at a Glance 2014. OECD Publishing. Retrieved from http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/society-at-a-glance-2014_soc_glance-2014-en

OECD Better Life Index. (n.d.). Retrieved January 24, 2015, from http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/

Prescott-Allen, R. (2001). The Wellbeing of Nations: A Country-By-Country Index of Quality of Life and the Environment (1 edition). Washington, DC: Island Press.

Sen, A. (2004). How does culture matter?’. In V. Rao & M. Walton (Eds.), Culture and Public Action. Stanford UP. Retrieved from http://www.studentsofferingsupport.ca/portal/OutreachProjects/PreDepReadings/A1_How%20does%20culture%20matter_.pdf

Social Progress Index – Methodology. (2014). Retrieved January 22, 2015, from http://www.socialprogressimperative.org/data/spi/methodology

United Nations Development Programme. (n.d.). Human Development Index (HDI). Retrieved January 23, 2015, from http://hdr.undp.org/en/content/human-development-index-hdi

Urban Institute. (2014). The Validating Arts & Livability Indicators (VALI) Study: Results and Recommendations. Retrieved January 23, 2015, from http://arts.gov/sites/default/files/VALI-Report.pdf

We look forward to sharing our initial insights from these investigations soon. As always, if you are familiar with any of these sources and/or know of additional research that you think may be pertinent to our work, we welcome your thoughts in the comments. We would like to thank Kiley Arroyo, Sunil Iyengar, Sharon Stout, and Sarah Wilbur for pointing us in the direction of resources on the above lists.

Core Research Process Update: February 2015

Createquity. — Wed, 25 Feb 2015 15:04:10 +0000

When Createquity relaunched in October 2014, we identified two broad focus areas for our research investigation: disparities of access and the capacity of our field to create change. In the time since then, we’ve begun to dive into the literature around the first of these topics, and more specifically the relationship between arts participation and economic disadvantage.

Our investigation is guided by three hypotheses, reproduced below:

Poor and economically insecure adults are significantly less likely to have access to “common” opportunities to participate in the arts as producers or consumers for a variety of reasons including inability to afford the cost of participating (e.g., tickets, materials, rehearsal space), inability to afford indirect costs (e.g., transportation, child care), lack of time (due to the need to earn a living), and lack of awareness of opportunities (including awareness of opportunities designed for the poor).
Poor and economically insecure adults are significantly less likely to have access to “scarce” opportunities to participate in the arts as producers for a variety of reasons including inability to afford the cost of participating (e.g., materials, rehearsal space, training), inability to afford indirect costs (e.g., transportation, child care), lack of time (due to the need to earn a living), lack of awareness of opportunities (including awareness of opportunities designed for the poor), and lack of ability to take the financial or social risks often necessary to pursue many “scarce” opportunities (e.g. debt from MFA or BFA programs, moving to an urban area, need to care for children or other family members with few resources), particularly in the absence of a strong social safety net.
Many people who would benefit from common or scarce opportunities to participate in the arts do not take advantage of them due to pressure from social and/or professional environments that treat participation in the arts as an unwelcome distraction from economically productive activities.

An initial scan of the literature, begun in summer 2014 and enhanced in early 2015, turned up 61 sources of potential relevance to the above hypotheses. Since December, we’ve completed initial thirty-minute reviews of 28 of these that appeared to have the most to offer in terms of building our understanding. These studies and publications are listed below. Note: if you are familiar with any of these sources and/or know of additional research that you think may be pertinent to this investigation, we welcome your thoughts in the comments!

Sources Reviewed: Arts and Economic Disadvantage (December 2014-February 2015)

Almudena, S., Gimenez-Nadal, J.I. & Gershuny, J. (2012). Leisure Inequality in the United States: 1965-2003. Demography, 49(3), 939-964. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/23252678.

Bird, S. & Scott, L. (2006). A Statewide Report on Participation in the Arts. Arts Queensland Report. Retrieved from http://www.arts.qld.gov.au/publications/barriers.html.

Blume-Kohout, M.E., Leonard, S.R., & Novak-Leonard, J.L. (2015). When Going Gets Tough:Barriers and Motivations Affecting Arts Audiences. Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts. Retrieved from http://arts.gov/sites/default/files/when-going-gets-tough-revised2.pdf

Burton, C. & Scott, C. (2003). Museums: Challenges for the 21st Century. International Journal of Arts Management, 5(2), 56-68. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41064787.

Charlton, A., Potter, M., McGinigal, S., Romanou, E., Slade, Z., & Hewitson, B. (2010). Barriers to Participation: Analysis to Inform the Development of the 2010/11 Taking Part Survey. Department for Culture, Media, and Sport. Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/137997/TP_Barriersrreport.pdf.

DiMaggio, P. & Useem, M. (1978). Social Class and Arts Consumption: The Origins and Consequences of Class Differences in Exposure to the Arts in America. Theory and Society, 5(2),141-161. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01702159#page-1.

DiMaggio, P. & Mukhtar, T. (2004). Arts Participation as Cultural Capital in the United States, 1982–2002: Signs of Decline? Poetics, 32(2), 169-194. Retrieved from https://www.princeton.edu/~artspol/orchestras/suggested_readings/dimaggio%20and%20mukhtar%20paper.pdf.

Goodin, R.E., Rice, J.M., Bittman, M., & Saunders, P. (2005). The Time-Pressure Illusion: Discretionary Time vs. Free Time. Social Indicators Research, 73 (1), 43-70. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27522213.

Hamermesh, D.S. & Lee, J. (2007). Stressed out on Four Continents: Time Crunch or Yuppie Kvetch? The Review of Economics and Statistics, 89(2), 374-383. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40043067.

Jahoda, S., Murphy, B., Virgin, V., & Woolard, C. (2014). Artists Report Back: A National Study on the Lives of Arts Graduates and Working Artists. BFAMFAPhD. Retrieved from http://goo.gl/N2AYyx.

Kesenne, S. (1994). Can a Basic Income Cure Baumol’s Disease? Journal of Cultural Economics, 18(2), 93-100. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41810509.

Kraaykamp, G., van Gils, W., & Ultee, W. (2008). Cultural Participation and Time Restrictions: Explaining the Frequency of Individual and Joint Cultural Visits. Poetics, 36(4), 316-332. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304422X08000284.

Levy-Garboua, L. & Montmarquette, C. (1996). A Microeconometric Study of Theatre Demand. Journal of Cultural Economics, 20(1), 25-50. Retrieved from http://www.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/IMG/pdf/theatre_demand_1996_J._Cult._Econ._.pdf.

Luftig, R.L., Donovan, M.J., Farnbaugh, C.L., Kennedy, E. E., Filicko, T., Wyszomirski, M.J. (2003). So What Are You Doing after College? An Investigation of Individuals Studying the Arts at the Post-Secondary Level, Their Job Aspirations and Levels of Realism. Studies in Art Education, 45(1), 5-19. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1321105.

McCarthy, K.F., Ondaatje, E.H., & Zakaras, L. (2001). Guide to the Literature on Participation in the Arts. RAND Corporation Working Paper. Retrieved from http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA39661

Moore, J. (1998). Poverty and Access to the Arts: Inequalities in Arts Attendance. Cultural Trends, 8(31), 53-73. Retrieved from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09548969809365050?journalCode=ccut20#.VNmWYlPF9fA.

O’Hagan, J.W. (1996). Access to and Participation in the Arts: The Case of those with Low incomes/Educational Attainment. Journal of Cultural Economics, 20(4), 269-282. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10824-005-0282-4#page-1.

Quoctrung, B. (2014). Who Had Richer Parents, Doctors or Artists? NPR Planet Money. Retrieved from http://www.npr.org/blogs/money/2014/03/18/289013884/who-had-richer-parents-doctors-or-arists.

Rampell, C. (2014). The Most Expensive Colleges in the Country are Art Schools, Not Ivies. The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/rampage/wp/2014/03/28/the-most-expensive-colleges-in-the-country-are-art-schools-not-ivies/.

Robinson, J.P. & Godbey, G. (2005). Busyness as Usual. Social Research, 72(2), 407-426. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/40971771.

Robinson, J.P. & Martin, S. (2009). Changes in American Daily Life: 1965-2005. Social Indicators Research, 93(1), 47-56. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/27734894.

Seaman, B.A. (2005). Attendance and Public Participation in the Performing Arts: A Review of the Empirical Literature. Georgia State University Working Paper. Retrieved from http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=895099.

Silber, B. & Triplett, T. (2015). A Decade of Arts Engagement: Findings from the Survey of Public Participation in the Arts, 2002-2012. Washington, DC: National Endowment for the Arts. Retrieved from http://arts.gov/sites/default/files/2012-sppa-jan2015-rev.pdf.

Simon, R. & Barry, B. (2013). A Degree Drawn in Red Ink. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424127887324432004578306610055834952?mg=rwsj&url=http%3A%2%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB100014241278873244320045 78306610055834952.html.

Strategic National Arts Alumni Project. (2013). An Uneven Canvas: Inequalities in Artistic Training and Careers. Retrieved from http://snaap.indiana.edu/pdf/2013/SNAAP%20Annual%20Report%202013.pdf.

TNS Opinion & Social. (2013). Cultural Access and Participation. European Commission Report. Retrieved from http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_399_en.pdf.

van Eijck, K (1997). The Impact of Family Background and Educational Attainment on Cultural Consumption: A Sibling Analysis. Poetics, 25(4), 195-224. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304422X9700017X.

Zieba, M. (2009). Full-Income and Price Elasticities of Demand for German Public Theatre. Journal of Cultural Economics, 33(2), 85-108. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/41811017.